Chinese Psychology Psychological Society
Registration Criteria for Professional Organizations and Individual Practitioners in Clinical and Counseling Psychology
(1st Edition)


Chinese Psychological Society
2007.2
 

Index

 
1. Principles and Policies 2
2. Registration Criteria for Master’s Training Program in Clinical and Counseling Psychology 5
3. Registration Criteria for the Doctoral Degree Training Program in Clinical and Counseling Psychology 7
4. Registration Criteria for Internship Agency in Clinical and Counseling Psychology 9
5. Registration Criteria for Clinical and Counseling Psychologists 10
6. Registration Criteria for Supervisors 12
7. Registration Criteria for Continuing Education Projects 13
Appendix: Glossary of Terms 14
 

1. Principles and Policies

1.01 Registration Criteria for Professional Organizations and Individual Practitioners in Clinical and Counseling Psychology (shortened as “the Criteria”) are register criteria of Chinese Psychological Society (CPS) for the professionals in clinical and counseling psychology. The CPS authorized a Workgroup for Constituting the Registration Criteria for Professional Organizations and Individual Practitioners in Clinical and Counseling Psychology (shortened as “the Constitution Workgroup”) to establish these criteria according to the “Regulations on the Administration of the Registration for Social Organizations” issued by Ministry of Civil Affairs of the People’s Republic of China and other related national regulations and laws. Suggestions and opinions collected from a wide range of professionals in the field also serve as important references to the Criteria.
 
1.02 The Criteria define the professional organization as well as the individual practitioner in clinical and counseling psychology as follows:
Professional organization in clinical and counseling psychology refers to those organizations affiliated with all levels of governments, schools, medical institutions, enterprises and public institutions as well as private clinics, with their key objectives as providing services on psychological counseling or psychotherapy and/or offering professional training and education.
Clinical and counseling Psychologist refers to a professional practitioner who has learned the professional knowledge of clinical psychology or counseling psychology in a systematic way; received the professional trainings on the skills of counseling and psychotherapy as well as supervisions over his/her practice on counseling or psychotherapy; is currently practicing counseling and psychotherapy; meets the related register criteria for clinical and counseling psychologists in the Criteria; and has valid registration in CPS. The Clinical and counseling psychologist includes the clinical psychologist and the counseling psychologist. In the Criteria, the specific definition of the clinical psychologist or counseling psychologist depends on how the academic degree program the candidate received defines itself.
Supervisor refers to a senior clinical and counseling psychologist who currently serves as a teacher, a trainer and a supervisor in the field of clinical and counseling psychology; meets the related register criteria for supervisors in the Criteria as well as has valid registration in CPS.  
 
1.03 The aim of establishing the Criteria is to promote the further improvement of the professional management of clinical and counseling psychology as a profession, to regulate professional behaviors of practitioners in clinical and counseling psychology, to promote the training on eligible professional practitioners in clinical and counseling psychology, to facilitate the healthy development of professional organizations in clinical and counseling psychology, so as to meet the demands of the society on the service of counseling and psychotherapy as well as to be consistent with the national goal of developing a harmonious society. It also aims to strengthen the cooperation between national and international professional organizations of counseling and psychotherapy, to promote the communication between professionals in clinical and counseling psychology, as well as to safeguard the legal rights of clinical and counseling psychologists and clients who seek their services.
 
1.04 Non- Profit Principle: The Criteria is a non-profit professional registry system. 
 
1.05 Quality Control Principle: The Criteria is a quality control system for professional education programs, organizations, training programs and individual practitioners in the field of clinical and counseling psychology in China.  
 
1.06 Voluntary Principle: Individual and organizations that meet the Criteria may apply for register based on their own freedom of choice.   
 
1.07 Members of the Constitution workgroup are nominated by CPS Clinical and Counseling Psychology Board and approved by CPS Standing Committee. The term of the Constitution workgroup is 2 years.
 
1.08 The Constitution workgroup appointed 11 specialists to form the first “CPS Registration Workgroup for Professional Organizations and Individual Practitioners in Clinical and Counseling Psychology”(shortened as “the Registration Workgroup”) and this workgroup will serve a 2-year-term. After 2 years, the Registration Workgroup will select 10 new members and form the new workgroup together with 11 former members. Starting from the second Registration Workgroup, the serving term is to be 4 years. Beginning with the third Registration Workgroup, members of this workgroup are to be elected among validly registered supervisors. The members of this workgroup are not allowed to serve more than two terms continuously. The Registration Workgroup serves to review the qualification of individual and the professional organization applied to register, and to provide the related registered title and certification, which are to be published on the designated website (www. chinacpb.org), after authorization. Any organization or individual that is not authorized by the Registration Workgroup is not allowed to use the related title and certification of this registration system.   
 
1.09 The Constitution workgroup appointed 9 specialists to form the first “Workgroup for Ethics in Clinical and Counseling Psychology”(shortened as “the Ethics Workgroup”) and this workgroup will serve a 2-year-term. After 2 years, the Ethic Workgroup will select 10 new members and form the new workgroup together with 9 former members. Starting from the second Ethics Workgroup, the serving term is to be 4 years. Beginning with the third Ethics Workgroup, members of this workgroup are to be elected among validly registered supervisors. The members of this workgroup are not allowed to serve more than two terms continuously. The function of this workgroup is to review and monitor the professional ethical behaviors of individual practitioners as well as that of professional organizations according to “CPS Code of Ethics for Clinical and Counseling Practice”, to provide training on ethics as well as consultation and suggestion on related issues, to accept filings of complaints on ethical violations and to process cases of ethical violation.   
 
1.10 The Criteria includes contents as follows: (1) Registration Criteria for Master Program in Clinical and Counseling Psychology; (2) Registration Criteria for Doctoral degree training program in Clinical and Counseling Psychology; (3) Registration Criteria for internship agency in Clinical and Counseling Psychology; (4) Registration Criteria for Clinical and Counseling Psychologists; (5) Registration Criteria for Supervisors; (5) Registration Criteria for Continuing Education Projects; (6) Glossary of Terms related to the Criteria.
 
1.11 Period of validity: The period of validity for a professional organization registered is 4 years. The period of validity for an individual practitioner registered is 3 years. The period of validity for a training program is to be decided by the Registration Workgroup based on the nature of the training program.
 
1.12 The Criteria is to come into force on July 1st, 2007. Before this date, related registration processes of professional organizations and individual practitioners are to be executed by the Registration Workgroup separately.
 
1.13 The right of explanation on related criteria in the Criteria belongs to the Constitution workgroup.
 
1.14 The Criteria may be amended only when this procedure is proposed either by the Constitution workgroup or the Registration Workgroup and passed by the Constitution Workgroup via the procedure of democratic resolution.
 
1.15 The Criteria was verified by the Constitution workgroup and authorized by CPS Standing Committee.
 

2. Registration Criteria for Master’s Training Program in Clinical and Counseling Psychology

If a Master training program in clinical and counseling psychology is to be accredited by the Criteria, it should meet the following criteria, 2.01 through 2.09 
 
2.01 The institution or organization that sets up this educational program should have the qualification for enrolling postgraduate students for Master training program approved by Academic Degree Committee of the State Council, PRC.
 
2.02 The program, wherever it may be administratively housed, must be clearly identified and labeled as a Master training program.   
 
2.03 The program should have specific handbook for students, which demonstrates the objective of the program, the criteria for enrollment and admission, the detailed process of training, the quality control of the program as well as other related elements. The program must be an integrated, organized sequence of study. 
 
2.04 The program should have clear admission criteria for its candidate and to assure the aim of the candidate is to obtain a Master’s degree in clinical psychology or counseling psychology. If a candidate doesn’t have a bachelor degree either in psychology or medicine, the program should include necessary remediation courses before or after the formal admission to help the candidate acquire a knowledge base similar to those who have a bachelor degree in psychology or medicine. Besides examining a candidate’s professional knowledge and competency, the admission procedure of the program should also include valid means (e.g. interview) to evaluate whether the candidate has certain personality traits and basic professional qualities that are required by the profession of clinical psychology or counseling psychology.
  
2.05 The program must have an identifiable faculty sufficient in size and breadth to carry out its responsibilities on teaching and training in clinical psychology or counseling psychology. A minimum of two faculty members in the program should meet the Criteria for clinical and counseling psychologist and have completed their valid registration.  
 
2.06 The program should encompass the following curriculum in foundational areas of psychology (category a to g) and the study of each category should be no less than 2 academic credits (usually 1 academic credit is equivalent to the study of 15 academic hours):
a. scientific and professional ethics and standards;
b. psychometric theory and techniques
c. biological bases of behavior ( courses related to physiological psychology, neuropsychology and psychopharmacology)
d. cognitive-affective bases of behavior( courses related to learning, thinking, motivation, and emotion)
e. social bases of behavior (courses related to social psychology and group processes)
f. personality and human development (courses related to personality theory and developmental psychology)
g. related courses in psychopathology or psychiatry
 
2.07 The program should encompass specific courses in clinical psychology or counseling psychology. The main courses are as follows: basic theories and practice in counseling and psychotherapy, theories and practice of different modalities in counseling and psychotherapy, theories and practice in psychological assessment and diagnosis, field or simulative field (laboratory) training related to clinical psychology or counseling psychology practice, counseling or psychotherapy practice, individual development and professional career development of clinical and counseling psychologist. The number of the academic credit of these courses should be no less than 10 in the program.      
  
2.08 The program should include internship specific in the field of clinical or counseling psychology. The internship should be completed in internship agencies that have valid registrations in the Criteria. The candidate in the program should have more than 100 hours of supervised practicum in counseling or psychotherapy. The total number of hours of regular and formal individual or group supervision should be no less than 100 hours.  
 
2.09 The program should include specific requirements for graduation. Before graduation, the candidate must provide related documents and files (e.g. case reports of a systemic therapy under the guidance of certain theories, scientific dissertation in clinical and counseling psychology and so on) to demonstrate the candidate has acquired the clinical competency required by the program.
 

3. Registration Criteria for the Doctoral Degree Training Program in Clinical and Counseling Psychology

If a Doctoral degree training program in clinical and counseling psychology is to be accredited by the Criteria, it should meet the following criteria, 3.01 through 3.09 
 
3.01 The institution or organization that sets up this program should have the qualification for enrolling postgraduate students for Doctoral degree training program approved by Academic Degree Committee of the State Council, PRC.
 
3.02 The program, wherever it may be administratively housed, must be clearly identified and labeled as a Doctoral degree training program.
 
3.03 The program should have specific handbook for students, which demonstrates the objective of the program (i.e. to educate and train professional clinical and counseling psychologist), the criteria for enrolment and admission, the detailed process of training, the quality control of the program as well as other related elements. The program must be an integrated, organized sequence of study. 
 
3.04 The program must have an identifiable faculty sufficient in size and breadth to carry out its responsibilities on teaching and training in clinical psychology or counseling psychology. The faculty must meet the following criteria: (1)a minimum of two faculty members in the program should meet the Criteria for clinical and counseling psychologist and completed their valid registrations; (2) the principal of the program should meet the Criteria for supervisor and completed his/her valid registration.
 
3.05 The program should have clear admission criteria for its candidate and to assure the aim of the candidate is to obtain a doctoral degree in clinical psychology or counseling psychology. A program of three academic years of full time graduate study must have clear admission criteria for its candidate, especially the specific requirements for the candidate’s professional knowledge, skills and clinical practice acquired from his/her Master’s program, which should at least meet the criterion 2.01 through 2.09 in Registration Criteria for Master training program in Clinical and Counseling Psychology of the Criteria. If a candidate doesn’t meet criterion 2.01 through 2.09 before the formal admission, the program should include necessary remediation courses before or after the formal admission to help the candidate to acquire a knowledge base and clinical skills similar to the requirement of criterion 2.01 through 2.09. Besides examining a candidate’s professional knowledge and competency, the admission procedure of the program should also include valid means (e.g. interview) to evaluate whether the candidate possesses the personality characteristics required by the profession of clinical psychology or counseling psychology as well as the related criteria for Master training program in the Criteria.  
 
3.06 The program should include advanced courses in clinical or counseling psychology. The curriculum must include the courses in the following categories:
a. ethics and standards in clinical and counseling psychology;
b. psychological diagnosis and psychological assessment
c. research design and methodology
d. advanced statistics
e. advanced courses in a minimum of two specific fields of psychotherapy, such as psychoanalysis/psychodynamic therapy, cognitive and behavioral therapy, humanistic psychotherapy, family therapy, child therapy, group therapy and so on.  
 
3.07 The program should include internship specific in the field of clinical or counseling psychology. The candidate in the program should complete no less than 150 hours of practicum in counseling or psychotherapy supervised by supervisors who have valid registration in the Criteria. The total number of hours of regular, formal, face to face individual case supervision should be no less than 50 hours and the number of hours of group supervision should be no less than 50 hours, or the accumulative number of hours of these two kinds of supervision should be no less than 100 hours.   
 
3.08 The program should include specific requirements for graduation. Before graduation, the candidate must provide related documents and files (e.g. case reports of a systemic therapy under the guidance of certain theories, scientific dissertation in clinical and counseling psychology and so on) to demonstrate the candidate has acquired the clinical competency as well as the capacity for conducting research in clinical and counseling psychology required by the program.
 
3.09 The program of five academic years of full time graduate study (or the continuous program of undergraduate and doctoral study) should both include criterion 3.01 through 3.08 as well as criterion 2.01 through 2.09.
 

4. Registration Criteria for Internship Agency in Clinical and Counseling Psychology

To be an internship agency accredited by the Criteria, the organization should meet the following criteria, 4.01 through 4.10:
 
4.01 The internship agency must be able to provide clients who seek professional help with a series of professional service, including psychological assessment, counseling and psychotherapy.
 
4.02 The internship agency must have written statement or handbook which describes specifically about the goals and the content of the internship, has stated clear expectations and requirements for quantity and quality of a trainee’s work.
 
4.03 To be an internship agency for Master training program, at least two staff members should meet the criteria as clinical and counseling psychologist in the Criteria and have completed their valid registrations. Besides, at least one staff member in this agency should meet the criteria assigned as a supervisor in the Criteria and have completed his/her valid registration. These valid registered staff members should have a clear designated work responsibility to ensure the integrity and quality of the training program.
 
4.04 To be an internship agency for Doctoral degree training program, at least two staff members should meet the criteria assigned as a supervisor in the Criteria and have completed their valid registrations, and at least one of them serves as a full time staff member in this agency. These valid registered staff members should have clear designated work responsibilities to ensure the integrity and quality of the training program.
 
4.05 The internship agency should be (or affiliated with) an institution or organization. The agency should provide the intern with a planned, programmed sequence of training experience. The primary focus and purpose is to ensure the quality of training.
 
4.06 In the internship agency, internship supervision should be provided by staff members who serve as full time or part-time supervisors affiliated with that agency, who carry clinical responsibility for the cases being supervised.
4.07 Regardless of the duration of the internship is, at least 40% of interns’ time should be devoted to direct contact with clients who seek professional help (i.e. supervised practicum of counseling or psychotherapy).
 
4.08 Regardless of the duration of the internship is, during the internship for counseling or psychotherapy, the supervisor in the agency should provide the intern with a minimum of one hour per week of a regular, scheduled and formal individual supervision. This session should be aiming at dealing with problems and issues related to cases, in addition to enhancing the intern's clinical skills practicing in counseling or psychotherapy during the internship. A minimum of two additional hours per week in learning activities such as case discussions, seminars dealing with clinical issues, group supervision, and additional individual supervision should be provided. These activities should be a part of a training procedure for the intern.
 
4.09 There should be a minimum of two interns at the internship agency during the applicant's training period.
 
4.10 Trainees should be entitled as "interns", "residents", "fellows," or other designations of a trainee status. These titles should be introduced to clients who seek professional help and have direct contact with the trainee.
 

5. Registration Criteria for Clinical and Counseling Psychologists

To be entitled as a clinical and counseling psychologist accredited by the Criteria, the candidate should meet the following criteria, 5.01 through 5.06:
 
5.01 Professional ethics: applicant should observe “CPS Code of Ethics for Clinical and Counseling Psychology” promulgated by the Constitution workgroup on the Registration Criteria for Professional Organizations and Individual Practitioners in Clinical and Counseling Psychology and has no record of ethical violation.
 
5.02 To be an eligible applicant, the applicant who has a doctoral degree must be graduated from a Doctoral degree training program in clinical or counseling psychology that meets the criteria 3.01 through 3.09 in the Criteria and has been validly registered. He/she should show recommendation from two valid registered clinical and counseling psychologists.
 
5.03 To be an eligible applicant, the applicant who has a master’s degree must be graduated from a Master training program in clinical or counseling psychology that meets the criteria 2.01 through 2.09 in the Criteria and has been validly registered. He/she should show recommendations from two validly registered clinical and counseling psychologists. He/she also should meet the criteria 5.03.01 and 5.03.02.
5.03.01 Within two years after obtaining the master’s degree, the applicant should provide the related proof showing that he/she has had a minimum of 150 hours of practicum which was in direct contact with clients who seek professional help and this practicum should be under the supervision of validly registered supervisors.   
5.03.02 The applicant must provide the related proof showing that he/she has had a minimum of 50 hours of regularly scheduled, formal, face-to-face individual supervision and a minimum of 50 hours of group supervision, conducted by valid registered supervisors, or the accumulative sum of these two types of supervision should sum up to a minimum of 100 hours.
 
5.04 If an applicant received an academic degree in related field like psychology, medicine and education in PRC that is not accredited by the Criteria, he/she should provide with necessary documents (including recommendation letters from two validly registered clinical and counseling psychologists, a copy of his/her academic diploma, and proof of internship and supervised experience). He/she also should meet the criteria 5.04.01 through 5.04.03.
5.04.01 The Master training program that the applicant has completed should meet the criterion 2.06 and 2.07, or the applicant must receive training that is equivalent to that required by criteria 2.06 and 2.07 after he/she has graduated from a Master training program.
5.04.02 The applicant should provide related proofs that demonstrate he/she has completed a minimum of 250 hours of practicum(including the number of hours completed during the applicant’s study of his/her Master training program) which was in direct contact with clients who seek professional help and was being supervised by validly registered supervisors.   
5.04.03 The applicant should provide related proofs that demonstrate he/she has completed a minimum of 200 hours of case supervision (individual and group supervision) provided by validly registered supervisors.
 
5.05 To be an eligible applicant, the applicant who received doctoral degree or master’s degree in clinical or counseling psychology in regions and countries other than mainland China must provide the outline of his/her professional training program （including curriculum, internship procedure, etc.）in addition to documents proofing his/her completion of the program (a copy of his/her graduating diploma, proof of internship, recommendation letters from his/her supervisors, recommendation letters from two validly registered clinical and counseling psychologists, etc.). The application will be reviewed and verified by the Registration Workgroup according to criteria 2.01 through 3.09 and criterion 5.04.   
 
5.06 To be an eligible applicant, the applicant who received a bachelor degree in the related field such as psychology, medicine or education from a program accredited by the Ministry of Education, PRC before 1995, and has been practicing counseling or psychotherapy continuously for more than 10 years or practicum of counseling or psychotherapy summing up to a minimum of 3000 hours, but whose qualification doesn’t meet the criteria 5.02 through 5.04, should first provide necessary documents (a copy of his/her graduating diploma, documents signed by his/her workplace for the number of hours of practicum of counseling and psychotherapy, recommendation letters from three validly registered supervisors, a case report that describes a case lasted for a minimum of 8 sessions of continuous counseling or psychotherapy, a statement of observing the professional ethics). The application will be reviewed and verified separately by the Registration Workgroup. The application will be accepted only when approved by more than 2/3 of the Registration Workgroup members.
  
5.07 Continuing education: after the expiration of the current registration, registered clinical and counseling psychologist should renew his/her registration. He/she should provide proofs for a minimum of 20 academic hours of successfully completed continuing education projects or programs, which should be validly registered projects or programs that meet the criteria 7.01 through 7.04 in the Criteria.  
 

6. Registration Criteria for Supervisors

To be a supervisor accredited by the Criteria, the candidate should meet the following criteria, 6.01 through 6.07:
 
6.01 The applicant must be a validly registered clinical and counseling psychologist and has been recommended by two validly registered supervisors.
 
6.02 Professional ethics: the applicant should observe “CPS Code of Ethics for Clinical and Counseling Psychology” promulgated by the Constitution workgroup on the Registration Criteria for Professional Organizations and Individual Practitioners in Clinical and Counseling Psychology and has no record of ethical violation.
 
6.03 Clinical experience: the applicant should provide related documents to demonstrate that, after registering validly as a clinical and counseling psychologist, the accumulative hours of his/her practicum of counseling or psychotherapy sums up to a minimum of 800 hours.
 
6.04 Supervision experience: the applicant should provide related documents to demonstrate that the accumulative number of hours of his/her practicum of supervision sums up to s minimum of 80 hours and the number of hours of training or supervised experience of his/her supervision practice provided by validly registered supervisor sums up to a minimum of 80 hours.
 
6.05 The applicant should provide related documents that demonstrate his/her full participation as additionally to successful completion of continuing education programs or projects for supervisor training (these programs or projects should meet the criteria 7.01 through 7.04 and have complete their registration in the Criteria).
 
6.06 The applicant should provide documents that demonstrate, before applying for registration, the accumulative number of hours for his/her successful completion of continuing education programs on advanced professional training accredited by the Criteria sums up to a minimum of 200 hours.
 
6.07 The applicant who doesn’t fully meet the criteria 6.03 through 6.06 will be accredited only when his/her application is approved by more than 2/3 of the Registration Workgroup members.
 

Registration Criteria for Continuing Education Projects

To be a continuing education project or program accredited by the Criteria, the project or program should meet the following criteria, 7.01 through 7.04:
 
7.01 The main trainers or teachers of the continuing education project or program should be validly registered supervisors in the Criteria or these professional trainers from foreign countries who are acknowledged by the Registration Workgroup.
 
7.02 The continuing education project or program should have specific curriculum, teaching materials and methods. It should clearly state the training goals, the background and qualifications of trainers or teachers in addition to the criteria for enrolment. The objective of the continuing education project or program is to provide trainees with professional knowledge, skills or personal experience.
 
7.03 The training curriculum should include a standard, planned, programmed sequence of training process or procedure, with its training hours, focus and main goals clearly stated to ensure the quality of the training.   
 
7.04 The principal of a continuing education project or program that applies to register should provide related documents including a detailed statement of how to ensure the quality of the training, the résumés of trainers or teachers, a full training curriculum, in addition to requirements for the successful completion of the curriculum.
 

Appendix: Glossary of Terms

In addition to terms' definitions in criterion 1.02 the other related terms are defined by the Criteria as follows:
Clients Who Seek Professional Help: it refers to a client or a patient, or other kinds of people who seek professional help for counseling or psychotherapy.
Clinical Psychology: It is one of the branches of psychology. It provides both knowledge of psychology and means of utilizing the knowledge to understand and promote mental health, physical health and social adaptation of individuals and groups. Clinical psychology has its emphasis on research about psychological problems of individuals and groups, in addition to treatment of severe mental disorders.
Continuing education Project: In the Criteria, this refers to non-diploma continuing education and training program for professional practitioners in clinical or counseling psychology, with its goals to provide practitioners with opportunities to renew their professional knowledge and skills. Usually, a further education or continuing education program includes elements such as trainers and teachers, various kinds of teaching materials, programmed training plans, necessary training facilities (such as place, facilities, and professional equipments) as well as other related services.
Counseling: It refers to a process of providing help to clients who seek professional help because of their general psychological problems, based on good counseling relationship, and conducted by professionally trained counseling psychologists, using related theories and techniques of counseling psychology. It aims to eliminate or alleviate the psychological problems of clients who seek professional help in addition to promoting their good adaptation and integrated development.
Counseling Psychology: It is one of the branches of psychology. It utilizes the knowledge of psychology to understand and promote mental health, physical health and social adaptation of individuals and groups. Counseling psychology has its emphasis on individual’s general complaints in his/her daily lives in addition to promoting individual’s good adaptation and coping.
Internship agency: In the Criteria, it refers to a professional agency that is able to provide training for professionals in the field of counseling and psychotherapy with a position, internship opportunities and supervisors for interns in counseling and psychotherapy. Usually, an internship agency includes a steady and well designated group of supervisors in addition to an integrated, feasible, written plan for internship.
Psychotherapy: It refers to a process of providing help to clients who suffer from mental disorders, based on good therapeutic relationship, and conducted by professionally trained clinical psychologists using related theories and techniques of clinical psychology. It aims to eliminate or alleviate the psychological problems or mental disorders of clients who seek professional help in addition to promoting the healthy and integrated development of their personalities.
Training Programs for Master’s or Doctoral Degree in Clinical or Counseling Psychology: It refers to a master or a doctoral program in clinical psychology or counseling psychology proposed by a university, college, a research or training institution of a related field, with its goals to train masters or doctors in clinical psychology or counseling psychology. Usually, a training program should include a steady and well designated faculty in addition to an integrated, feasible training procedure and handbook for students.